japan. Gramm. 連用形 Renyōkei f; Konjunktionalform f (kann selbständig als Zwischenprädikat auftreten; dient dem Anschluss von Jodōshi 助動詞 (flektierbare Wortart, wird an Flexionsformen der Yōgen 用言 angefügt).
Yogen 用言: (grammar) declinable word; (general term of the declinable parts of speech) (自立語); in Japanese, this means verbs (動詞) and adjectives (形容詞, 形容動詞).
Ren’yōkei
Die Ren’yōkei (jap. 連用形) tritt bei Verben (動詞, dōshi) und bei Adjektiven (形容詞, keiyōshi) auf. In der japanischen Schulgrammatik wird sie von den sechs Konjugationsformen an zweiter Stelle gelistet. Fünfstufige Verben enden in der Ren’yōkei auf -i.
(Fünfstufige Verben, auch konsonantische Verben (jap. 五段動詞 godan dōshi bzw. 子音語幹動詞 shiin gokan dōshi) genannt, enden in der Grundform (bzw. der Shūshikei) auf eine der Silben -u, -ku, -gu, -su, -tsu, -nu, -bu, -mu oder -ru. )
Ren’yō (連用) bedeutet wörtlich „zum Verbinden benutzt“.
An den Stamm in der Renyōkei werden eine Reihe von Suffixen angeschlossen, die selbst ursprünglich Verben oder Adjektive waren.
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The basic uses of the 連用形 （れんようけい）(ren’youkei) (conjunctive stem) relate to combining words or sentences, as well as acting as a base for endings which show tense and aspect （助動詞）. It is related to words that decline or conjugate, collectively called 用言・ようげん. (Anything that does not inflect is called 体言・たいげん). Two uses will be presented here.
～Ø <no suffix> Continuation: This function is called 中止法・ちゅうしほう and is used to connect independent clauses. This is equivalent to the clausal te-form or the similar conjunctive stem use used in writing.
死に （死に、）（死んで、）Having died, ~.
書き （書き、）（書いて、）
言ひ (言い、）（言って、）
～て Continuation: In a manner interchangeable with the above pattern, this form connects verbal clauses. It is indeed where the modern て形 （てけい）comes from, though today, the て形 is irregular due to sound changes called “euphony”. This pattern appears in later texts written in classical Japanese.
死にて （死んで、）（死に、）Having died, ~.
書きて （書いて、）（書き、）
言ひて （言って、）(言い、）
～たり Past tense: This is the positive, past aspect. It is equivalent to ～た. Please refer to “Auxiliary Verb ～たり” for more information.
死にたり。 （死んだ。）He died.
書きたり 。（書いた。）
言ひたり。（言った。）
The auxiliary verb ～たり is added to the ren’youkei of verbs. It conveys the perfect aspect. Generally, it is equivalent to the modern 過去形 （かこけい）(past form) of modern verbs. When ～たり is in its rentaikei form used as an attributive, if the verb is a stative/motion verb (a verb that has a present-perfect meaning in today’s ～ている form), it is translated as such if it makes more sense than the simple past.
For example, the verb 残る is stative (残っている means “exists having been left behind” or “has been left behind” not just “left behind”), so combined with ～たり in the rentaikei form, 残りたるＸ means 残っているＸ (“the X that has been left behind). For action/non-stative verbs, just the simple perfect aspect is usually best. For example, 鳴きたるうぐひす would be 鳴いたうぐいす (“the nightingale that sang”).
This is because ～たり inherently conveys the perfect aspect, not the past tense, but as you may know, in modern Japanese verbs, this distinction is lost in most contexts. This is the same in Classical Japanese. There are other auxiliary verbs in Classical Japanese that convey past tense and not perfect aspect as well.
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Ren'youkei LINKs
http://www.epochrypha.com/japanese/mater...=renyoukei
https://classicaljapanese.wordpress.com/...renyoukei/
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